asp.net mvc interview questions

Top MVC Interview Questions & Answers

In this fast-moving world, one should remain updated regularly to catch up with new trends in technology. There has been a drastic change in the past few years, a lot of web development frameworks are coming in the market.

And one of these frameworks is ASP.NET MVC. It is taking the internet by storm, so having knowledge about this framework has become necessary to keep up with the pace. Given below are the  asp.net MVC interview questions & answers to help you get basic insights.

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About ASP.NET MVC

Whether you are a beginner or trying to switch to a new framework, understanding the frequently asked asp.net MVC interview questions will help you crack your interview. But what is ASP.NET?

 ASP.NET is an extension to the .NET platform and with the help of this framework, a programmer can build, deploy and run web pages. The programmer can easily develop web applications and websites using HTML, CSS, javascript, jQuery, etc. And most importantly it is an open-source web development framework.

But then the question arises that when there are so many open-source frameworks, why will a programmer learn a different framework. Well, this is an important question that you may come across while you give answers to your  MVC interview questions in ASP.NET.

Why ASP.NET MVC?

There are some parameters that you should keep in mind before working on a new framework. There are 3 major aspects which define the performance of an application are :

  • Unit Testing: Not every web application supports unit testing.
  • The programmer might face problems in the customization of HTML.
  • Also, while working on a particular framework a programmer focuses on how to reuse the code-behind class.

And luckily all these parameters exist in ASP.net MVC, hence making it more superior to other frameworks.

Attractive Features:

  • Creating and implementing tests is quite easy in this framework
  • The programmer has complete control over HTML, URL’s and Javascript
  • It is simple to program code in this framework
  • It uses the Model, View, Controller structure
  • The development of modules are test-driven
  • It also supports parallel development

Important Things To Remember for MVC Interview Questions

There are certain important things that a programmer needs to keep in mind while he creates his first MVC application or faces an asp.net MVC interview questions or MVC interview questions too.

  1. The programmer should understand that while it is easy and convenient to use ASP.net MVC but it is not a replacement of ASP.Net web forms-based applications.
  2. The applications and their features decide how to incorporate MVC into it.
  3. The development process is much more complex than other web form-based applications.

ASP.NET MVC interview questions with Answers

Now,  let’s dive into MVC interview questions that can help you clear your base.

What is an MVC structure or Model View Controller?

Tip: This may seem like a really cliched question but this is where any interviewer can judge how much knowledge you possess about the structure.

Answer: 

MVC Structure is a pattern of software architecture that most of the programmers use while developing a web application. It has 3 objects namely: Model-View-Controller.

Explain the complete representation of Model-View-Controller in an MVC application.

Answer:

The MVC model has:

  1. Model: It contains the business logic within the model. The Model in MVC is also responsible for maintaining data. Hence it is also called as an application’s data domain.
  2. View: It is basically what the user sees on the screen or a user interface. In other words, it contains user interface logic.
  3. Controller: Controller gives answers to the user’s clicks or actions. Based on it, a particular controller responds within the model and displays the result on the user’s screen.

What are the different return types of the controller action method?

Answer:

  • JSON Result
  • Javascript Result
  • Content Result
  • View Result

Explain the key difference between adding routes to a web application and a Model-View-Controller application.

Answer:

For adding a route to a web form app, the programmer can use MapPageRoute() method which comes in the RouteCollection class whereas if the programmer is adding routes to an MVC application, then he/she may prefer to use MapRoute() method.

What are the advantages of using an MVC structure?

Answer:

The benefits or advantages of MVC are as follows:

  • Multiple view support: Because of the separation of the model from the view, the user interface can present multiple views of the same data and at the same time.
  • Change Accommodation: User interfaces lead to switching more regularly than business rules.
  • Separation of Concerns: Separation of Concerns (SOC) is one of the core advantages of ASP.NET MVC. The MVC framework presents a clean division of the UI, Business Logic, Model or Data.
  • More Control: The ASP.NET MVC framework produces more control over HTML, JavaScript, and CSS than the legendary WebForms.
  • Testability: This framework implements more useful testability of the Web Application and great support for test-driven development too.
  • Lightweight: MVC framework doesn’t use View State and that overcomes the bandwidth of the requests to an intensity.

List some disadvantages of using MVC structure.

Answer:

  • The model pattern that MVC structure uses is a bit complex.
  • There can be inefficiency in accessing data in the view.
  • With the evolving user interface, sometimes it becomes difficult to incorporate MVC in the code.
  • To use MVC, the programmer must have knowledge of multiple languages.

While working on any framework, it is important to know about the steps of the structure which are executed when a programmer uses an MVC structure. This question comes up more frequently no matter how many times you sit to appear for your MVC interview questions  

Define the execution step in the MVC structure.

Answer:

The steps are as follows:

  • It receives a request for the application.
  • Secondly, it performs routing.
  • Then takes place the MVC request handler.
  • A Controller is created.
  • Then execution of controller takes place.

What is the difference between ViewBag and ViewData?

ViewData passes data from a controller to a view. ViewBag is a cover around ViewData, which allows formulating a dynamic property. So the main benefit of viewbag over viewdata is that in ViewBag there is no requirement to typecast the objects as in the case of ViewData. Moreover, ViewBag takes advantage of the dynamic keyword that is included in version 4.0. However, ViewBag is slower than the ViewData.

How can we change the action name in MVC?

“ActionName” attribute is utilized for altering the action name. Here is a sample code snippet to demonstrate it–

[ActionName(“TestActionNew”)]

public ActionResult TestAction()

{

return View();

}

In this code snippet, “TestAction” is the original action name and in the “ActionName” attribute, name — “TestActionNew” is given. Hence, the caller will use “TestActionNew” to call this action.

What is WebAPI?

HTTP is the most widely used and known protocol. For many years, the browser was the most favored client by which we consumed data exposed over HTTP. But as years passed, client variety began growing out. We had asked to consume data on HTTP from clients like mobile, JavaScript, Windows applications, etc.

For meeting the demands of a broad range of clients, REST was the recommended approach. WebAPI is the technology by which you can display data over HTTP following REST principles.

 What is MVC Routing?

The URLs in ASP.NET MVC are drafted to action methods and controllers rather than physical files of the system. To precisely outline action methods and controller to URLs, the routing engine forms suitable routes. Using this, the controllers can manage specific requests.

What is an Attribute Route in MVC?

ASP.NET Web API promotes this kind of routing. In this type of routing, attributes determine the routes. It gives more control over classic URI Routing. Attribute Routing can be established at controller level or at Action level like –

[Route(“{action = TestCategoryList}”)] — Controller Level

[Route(“customers/{TestCategoryId:int:min(10)}”)] — Action Level

What do you understand by Code Blocks in Views?

Code expressions are evaluated and sent to the response. But Code blocks are the blocks of code that get executed. This is beneficial for indicating variables which might be claimed to be applied next.

@{

int x = 123;

string y = “aa”;

}

What is a Razor View Engine?

Razor is the original principal update to produce HTML in MVC 3. It was outlined particularly for view engine syntax. The central focus of this is to analyze templating for HTML generation. Below is a sample of using Razor:

@model MvcMusicStore.Models.Customer

@{ViewBag.Title = “Get Customers”;}

<div class=”cust”> <h3><em>@Model.CustomerName</em> </h3>

What are the possible Razor view extensions?

Below are the two types of extensions razor view can have –

.cshtml — In C# programming language this extension is practiced.

.vbhtml — In VB programming language this extension is used.

What is Unobtrusive JavaScript?

This is a generic term that carries a general philosophy, comparable to the term REST (Representational State Transfer). Unobtrusive JavaScript does not intermix JavaScript code in page markup.

Eg: Instead of using events like onclick and onsubmit, the unobtrusive JavaScript connects to items by their ID or class based on the HTML5 data- attributes.

Can you explain the MVC application life cycle?

Here is the process in sequence:

  • App initialization
  • Routing
  • Instantiate and execute controller
  • Locate and invoke controller action
  • Instantiate and render view.

What are Validation Annotations?

Data annotations are attributes that are located in the “System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations” namespace. . Four attributes, namely — Required, String Length, Regular Expression, and Range are used to incorporate the common validation scenarios.

What is Dependency Resolution?

Dependency Resolver has been introduced in MVC3 and has considerably analyzed the usage of dependency injection in applications. This turns out to be easier and more useful for decoupling the application components as well as in making them more accessible to test and more configurable.

What is the use of Keep and Peek in “TempData”?

Once “TempData” is read in the current request, it is not possible in the following request. If we want “TempData” to be read and also available in the succeeding request then after reading we need to call the “Keep” method as explained in the code below:

@TempData[“MyData”];
TempData.Keep(“MyData”);

The shortcut way of accomplishing the same result is by using “Peek”. This function helps to read as well as maintain “TempData” for the subsequent request.

string str = TempData.Peek(“Td”).ToString();

What are the Filters?

There are times when we want to execute some logic either prior to the execution of the action method or after the execution. We can use Action Filter for such kind of scenario. Filters establish the logic that executes before or after the execution of the action method. Action Filters are attributes that we can employ to the action methods. Following are the MVC action filter types:

  1. Authorization filter (implements IAuthorizationFilter) 
  2. Action filter  (implements IActionFilter) 
  3. Result filter  (implements IResultFilter) 
  4. Exception filter  (implementsIExceptionFilter attribute)

What is the GET Action type and POST Action type?

GET Action Type helps in inquiring data from a particularized resource. With all the GET requests, we pass the URL, which is compulsory; however, it can take up overloads.

POST Action Type helps to offer data that we have to manage for a detailed resource. With all the POST requests, we pass the URL, which is essential and the data.

How can we achieve Forms authentication in MVC?

Authentication is providing access to the user for a particular service by verifying their identity using their credentials like username and password or email and password (whichever might be the case). It verifies the correct user is and lets them log in for that particular service. Moreover, it ensures that the right service has been given to the specific user based on their role.

What is RenderBody and RenderPage in MVC?

RenderBody is similar to ContentPlaceHolder in web forms. It exists on the layout page and it renders the child pages/views. The layout page will have only one RenderBody() method. RenderPage also exists in the Layout page and multiple RenderPage() can also be there on the Layout page.

Explain how can one maintain a session in MVC?

Answer:

In MVC, there are mainly 3 ways to execute it namely: template, viewdata, and view bag.

How can you define a partial way in MVC?

Answer:

It is useful in rendering a potion of view content and also it helps in reducing code duplication.

Name the filter that comes in the end?

Answer:

“Exception Filters” comes at the end.

These are some MVC interview questions and answers that a programmer can encounter when he sits for an interview.

Read more about ASP.Net interview questions here!!

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